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KMID : 0948920050040010008
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Clinical Pain
2005 Volume.4 No. 1 p.8 ~ p.18
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Pathophysiology of Head and Neck Pain
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Ahn Dong-Kuk
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Abstract
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Orofacial pain can be as severe as any pain experienced and includes cases of intractable pain as well as acute pain. Pain is a complex experience that includes not only the sensations evoked by tissue damage or noxious stimuli but also the reactions or responses to such stimuli. Attentional, cognitive, motivational, and emotional behaviors are elicited by noxious stimuli as pain responses. The orofacial region is innervated by the trigeminal nervous system whose axonal origins and terminations lie in the brain stem of the central nervous system. The main sensory supply of the orofacial region is the trigeminal nerve with its three divisions, the ophthalmic, the maxillary, and the mandibular branches. The present article deals with anatomical and functional aspects of the central trigeminal system, general pathophysioloy of orofacial pain, current concepts of glial cells in pathological pain, and animal pain models in the orofacial area. This article also demonstrates that peripheral or central IL-1β participates in pain transmission of the orofacial area. Peripheral glutamate receptor antagonists blocks peripheral IL-1β-induced mechanical allodynia and central COX2 inhibitor abolishes central IL-1β-induced hyperalgesia in the orofacial area. These results provide new therapeutic values in treating pain disorders in the clinic.
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KEYWORD
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Orofacial pain, Trigeminal nerve, Glia, Animal pain models
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